Five systems carry most of a home's surprise costs: roof, foundation, HVAC, plumbing, and electrical. None of them announce failure politely — they show small signs for years before the big bill arrives.
RoofFoundationHVACPlumbing & Electrical
Age Tells You More Than It Looks Like It Should
A 20-year-old roof and a 5-year-old roof can look similar from the curb. Ask for the install date, warranty paperwork, and last inspection — not just a glance from the driveway.
Small Signs Are the Ones Worth Asking About
Hairline foundation cracks, a water heater a few years past its rated life, an electrical panel with an unfamiliar brand name — none of these are emergencies on their own, but each is worth a specific question to a licensed inspector.
Homeowner note: This is a starting checklist, not an inspection. Structural, electrical, and mechanical systems should be evaluated by a licensed inspector or contractor before you rely on their condition.